REPLI-g FFPE Kit

ホルマリン固定パラフィン包埋 (FFPE) 組織切片から直接全ゲノムDNA を増幅

S_1326_AppD_REPLI_g0477

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REPLI-g FFPE Kit (25)

Cat. No. / ID:  150243

DNA Polymerase, Buffers, and Reagents for 25 x 50 μl whole genome amplification reactions
¥95,500
Kit
REPLI-g FFPE Kit (25)
REPLI-g FFPE Kit (100)
REPLI-g FFPE Kitは分子生物学的アプリケーション用であり、疾病の診断、予防、あるいは治療に使用することはできません。

✓ オンライン注文による24時間年中無休の自動処理システム

✓ 知識豊富で専門的な製品&テクニカルサポート

✓ 迅速で信頼性の高い(再)注文

特徴

  • パラフィン包埋切片から直接全ゲノム増幅
  • FFPE組織から精製したDNAの全ゲノム増幅
  • DNA収量の標準化と調節が可能:組織切片あたり最高40 µg
  • 迅速で簡単なプロトコールで迅速な結果

製品詳細

ゲノム解析のためのゲノムDNA量が不十分であるという問題は、サンプル中の全DNA増幅(whole genome amplification)により解決できます。REPLI-g FFPE KitにはDNA Polymerase、斬新なバッファー、ホルマリン固定パラフィン包埋(FFPE)組織からDNA精製なしに効率的な全ゲノム増幅を実現する試薬が含まれています。組織切片を溶解後、DNA を前処理し、断片化DNAをライゲートします。高性能のREPLI-g テクノロジーを用いて増幅することで長鎖DNAを産生します。

パフォーマンス

増幅時間により2通りのプロトコールがあります。標準的な品質のテンプレートを用いた場合の50 µl の反応あたりの一般的な収量は、標準反応(増幅時間2時間)では10 µg まで、高収量反応(増幅時間8時間)では40 µgまで回収できます。

原理

ゲノム解析において、解析のためのゲノムDNAを十分量確保できない場面によく遭遇します。全ゲノム増幅(WGA)はサンプル内の全DNAを全体的に増幅することにより、このような制限を克服し、同一のDNA検体について全ての解析を行なうのに十分な量のDNAを供給します。

ホルマリン固定パラフィン包埋 (FFPE) 組織サンプルのジェノタイピングは、組織の形態学的変化と特定のゲノム変異を直接結びつけることができます。しかし、ホルマリン固定はDNAに非可逆的な損傷を与え、DNAが断片化するばかりでなくサンプル中の他の生体分子とのクロスリンクが起こります。さらにFFPE組織サンプルからは限られた量のDNAしか抽出できず、増幅なしでは限られた解析しか行なえません。

REPLI-g FFPE Kitは、断片化したDNAを前処理しライゲートする斬新なDNA 処理反応等の操作により、このような問題を克服します(図 " REPLI-g FFPEの原理")。ランダムにライゲートしたDNAの全ゲノム増幅は、高性能のREPLI-gテクノロジーを用いて行なわれます。REPLI-g製品はmultiple displacement amplification(MDA)テクノロジーとユニークな増幅用DNAポリメラーゼを組み合わせたキットです。REPLI-g DNA Polymerase は高い伸長性と相補鎖置換能により、ミスマッチ配列を持つ増幅産物を最小限に抑えて全ゲノム領域に渡り遺伝子座を良好に保持します。そのため、PCRベースのWGA法と比べてより信頼できる結果を実現します。この斬新なDNA処理反応により、断片化の著しいFFPE組織由来DNAにMDAテクノロジーの利点を適用できるようになりました。貴重な試料物質を遺伝子座を良好に保持しつつ増幅することができ、ダウンストリーム解析を制限なく実施できます。

図参照

操作手順

REPLI-g FFPEプロトコールでは、 FFPE組織サンプルからの精製DNAの増幅ができるだけでなく、FFPE組織サンプルから事前にDNA精製せずに直接DNAの増幅が行なえます。組織切片を溶解後、斬新なバッファーおよび酵素を用いてDNAを前処理し、断片化したDNAをライゲートします(フローチャート " REPLI-g FFPE 操作手順"および図 " 高分子のライゲーション産物")。ライゲーション反応により産生した長鎖DNAを高性能のREPLI-gテクノロジーを用いて全ゲノム増幅します。一度増幅したDNAは、精製なしでほとんどのジェノタイピングアッセイに即使用できます。

REPLI-g FFPE操作により増幅したDNAは、リアルタイムPCR(例、QuantiFast Kitを使用)、エンドポイントPCR(例、QIAGEN Fast Cycling PCR Kitを使用)に最適であり、増幅するPCRアンプリコンのサイズは開始時のテンプレートの平均フラグメントサイズよりも小さいことが好ましいと考えられます。さらマイクロサテライト解析(図 " 信頼できるマイクロサテライト解析")およびSNPジェノタイピングにも使用できます(REPLI-g FFPEKitで増幅したDNAは、DNAラベリングに 制限酵素処理を必要とするジェノタイピング法には適していません)。 

図参照

アプリケーション

REPLI-g FFPE Kitを用いて増幅したDNAは、以下のようなアプリケーションに最適です。

  • リアルタイム PCR
  • エンドポイントPCR
  • SNP ジェノタイピング
  • マイクロサテライト解析

裏付けデータと数値

Specifications

FeaturesSpecifications
Yield10 µg (2h reaction)-40 µg (8h reaction)
Quality assessmentNo
Starting materialFFPE tissue sections or purified genomic DNA
TechnologyMDA
Maximum input volume1 tissue section (10-40 µm thickness)
Reaction time2-8h (2h: standard; 8h: high-yield reaction)
Reaction volume50 µl
Starting amount of DNA100-300 ng*
ApplicationsGenotyping, PCR, Real-time PCR
Samples per run (throughput)medium
AmplificationWhole genomic DNA

リソース

パンフレット (5)
Sample to Insight solutions for successful molecular analysis
High-quality, nucleic acid purification for successful PCR and NGS experiments.
Second edition — innovative tools
FFPE サンプルの分子解析における重要なファクター
Critical factors for molecular analysis of FFPE samples
キットハンドブック (2)
For direct whole genome amplification of DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue
MSDS (1)
Download Safety Data Sheets for QIAGEN product components.
Supplementary Protocols (1)
追加リソース (1)
クイックスタートプロトコール (1)
Safety Data Sheets (1)
Certificates of Analysis (1)

Publications

Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip.
Thirlwell C; Eymard M; Feber A; Teschendorff A; Pearce K; Lechner M; Widschwendter M; Beck S;
Methods; 2010; 52 (3):248-54 2010 Apr 29 PMID:20434562
Whole genome amplification for array comparative genomic hybridization using DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded histological sections.
Huang J; Pang J; Watanabe T; Ng HK; Ohgaki H;
J Mol Diagn; 2009; 11 (2):109-16 2009 Feb 5 PMID:19197000

FAQ

What is REPLI-g whole genome amplification?
The REPLI-g Whole Genome Amplification (WGA) method is a rapid and reliable method of generating unlimited DNA from a few cells or a few nanograms of genomic DNA. This technology amplifies the genome with comprehensive loci coverage and minimal bias between any loci, yielding 12+ kb fragments in a simple, scalable reaction.
FAQ ID -654
Will the random hexamers in the REPLI-g reaction interfere with downstream analysis?

The REPLI-g amplified products can be used directly for downstream analysis such as PCR, PCR-based applications, restriction enzyme digestion, cycle sequencing, and more, after appropriate dilution to adjust to work concentrations.

However, to determine DNA concentration by absorbance, the MDA product should be run through a spin column to eliminate the random hexamers, as they will contribute to the absorbance reading and give an artificially high concentration. For this reason, we recommend determining DNA concentration by PicoGreen analysis, which preferentially binds double-stranded DNA. As a result, single-stranded random hexamers will not contribute to the apparent DNA concentration in the quantitation assay. When using this method, the concentration of the MDA product can be determined directly, without any purification.

A Protocol for the use of PicoGreen to quantitate REPLI-g WGA product can be found in the REPLI-g Mini/Midi Handbook. Please follow this link .

FAQ ID -713
Are Centromeres and Telomeres amplified using REPLI-g WGA?
These regions are not amplified because only a subset of the random primers in the REPLI-g amplification mix can prime within these extensively repeated regions. Despite the high processivity of the Phi29 DNA Polymerase, centromeres and telomeres are at a competitive disadvantage during amplification, and drop out. In experiments we have done, single copy sequences within approximately 5000 bases of a poorly amplified region can be affected during amplification. If your gene is further than 5000 bases apart from a centromere or telomere, it should be amplified just fine.
FAQ ID -702
Can I use REPLI-g for SNP Genotyping?

Yes. Chromosomes are equally amplified. We and our customers use amplified DNA for SNP genotyping on a regular basis, using Illumina, TaqMan®, Sequenom, PCR, gel-based sequencing, and other techniques. Tzvetkov et al. (2005) used Affymetrix’ GeneChip Human Mapping 10K Arrays to investigate the accuracy and allele amplification bias in DNA samples subjected to MD-WGA with REPLI-g. They observed an excellent concordance (99.95%) between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) called both in the nonamplified and the corresponding amplified DNA. Genomic DNA for this study was extracted from blood samples of four unrelated donors using the QIAamp DNA Blood Kit. High-throughput microarray genotyping of 11 555 different SNPs was performed using GeneChip Human Mapping 10K Arrays version Xba131 (Affymetrix).

For additional references, please visit our continuously expanding Citation Data Base online.

 See trademarks.

 

FAQ ID -700
What are possible reasons for reduced DNA yields with REPLI-g Kits?

Low yields with REPLI-g Kits for whole genome amplification (WGA) can result from a number of factors:

  • inhibitors in the template DNA, e.g., phenol and SDS, EDTA > 1 mM
  • low-quality, fragmented input DNA, e.g., degraded DNA from old samples, FFPE samples
  • improper reaction conditions, e.g., wrong volumes pipetted, insufficient reagent mixing, denaturation and neutralization steps omitted, or carried out incorrectly
  • Thermocycler incorrectly programmed, e.g., incubation time set incorrectly, reaction temperature too high (heated lid not adjusted to 70°C)

Note! When using a thermocycler model that does not allow adjusting the temperature of the heated lid, REPLI-g incubation temperature has to be reduced to 25-28°C to ensure optimal reaction conditions and amplification efficiency!

FAQ ID -2148
What is the recommended sample size for use with the REPLI-g FFPE Kit?

A single tissue section between 10-40 µm thickness is recommended for use per reaction with the REPLI-g FFPE Kit. For additional details, please refer to the protocol in the REPLI-g FFPE Handbook.

FAQ ID -1756
Can I purchase Phi29 DNA polymerase only?
We do not sell any REPLI-g reaction components separately.
FAQ ID -708
Does REPLI-g technology for whole genome amplification work with paraffin embedded samples?

Standard REPLI-g Kits, such as the REPLI-g Mini and Midi, UltraFast Mini-, Screening-, and Mitochondrial DNA Kits are not recommended for the amplification of gDNA extracted from paraffin embedded tissues. DNA recovered from paraffin embedded samples is typically strongly fragmented due to the fixation process, resulting in fragments only a few hundred base pairs long. Phi29 DNA polymerase however works most efficiently on DNA longer than 2 kb in length (ideally, at least a few fragments >10 kb should be present in the gDNA sample). If WGA product from strongly fragmented starting samples is utilized in genotyping assays, significant allele drop out and mis-genotyping can occur.

However, our new REPLI-g FFPE Kit overcomes these limitations by pre-processing of DNA directly derived from paraffin embedded tissue samples. The pre-processing reaction ligates fragments to generate suitable templates for subsequent amplification with REPLI-g Midi DNA Polymerase.

Further information can be found in the WGA Tutorial on our WGA Resource page.

FAQ ID -673
What are exo-resistant random hexamers used in the REPLI-g reaction?
These are DNA primers of random sequence, six nucleotides long, with two thiophosphate linkages at the 3' terminus to prevent digestion of the oligos by the 3' to 5' exonuclease activity of Phi29 Polymerase.
FAQ ID -710
Will REPLI-g work at high temperatures?
The reaction works at 30oC and will not work efficiently at higher temperatures. This is because the Phi29 DNA polymerase is not a thermostable enzyme and the random hexamer primers bind less efficiently as temperature is increased.
FAQ ID -656
How can I quantify the amount of REPLI-g DNA I have amplified?
  • Since REPLI-g amplification products contain single-stranded DNA as well as residual primers, it is important to utilize a DNA quantification method that is specific for double-stranded DNA. PicoGreen is a fluorescence-based nucleic acid quantitation method that is specific for double-stranded DNA and may be used to quantify the double-stranded REPLI-g products. For best results, the sample should be diluted with 2 volumes of water and thoroughly mixed prior to addition of PicoGreen.
  • before taking an OD reading on a spectrophotometer the reaction product must be purified as it contains unused primers and dNTPs
FAQ ID -694
Has anyone verified whole genome amplification accuracy with Sequencing?

Paez et al. 2004 have shown in direct sequencing experiments sampling 500 000 bp, that the estimated error rate (9.5 x 10-6) was the same in WGA generated samples as in paired unamplified samples.

FAQ ID -701
Can I use my own primers for REPLI-g WGA to amplify a specific chromosomal region?
The REPLI-g kit is designed for whole genome amplification using random hexamers. Addition of specific primers instead of random hexamers may introduce amplification bias, or the preferential amplification of specific DNA fragments at the expense of others. Currently, specific primers alone cannot be used to amplify a specific region of the genome with REPLI-g.
FAQ ID -712
At which step in the REPLI-g FFPE protocol should PicoGreen quantification be done?

When using PicoGreen for quantification of REPLI-g FFPE amplifiied DNA, perform the assay after step 15 of the REPLI-g FFPE protocol, prior to the heating step at 95°C.

PicoGreen detects double-stranded DNA with high sensitivity. If the DNA was quantified after denaturation at 95°C using PicoGreen, multiply the yield by a factor of 2 to compensate for the use of single-stranded DNA.

 

FAQ ID -1758
Where can I find background information and literature on Whole Genome Amplification with REPLI-g Kits?

Please visit our Whole Genome Amplification Resource Page for access to comprehensive information on WGA using REPLI-g Kits and REPLI-g Services.

Our WGA tutorial provides further information about Whole Genome Amplification and discusses the various techniques that are used. Additional detailed information is provided about REPLI-g Multiple Displacement Amplification technology (MDA), and recommendations are given on how to achieve the best results.

 

FAQ ID -1690
What is the length of the MDA whole genome amplification product?

MDA-amplified product has an average length of 10-12 kb, enabling Southern Blots, RFLP, and other downstream analyses that require large DNA fragments.

Note that the ligation procedure employed in the REPLI-g FFPE Kit results in the formation of very high-molecular-weight DNA and enables uniform whole genome amplification from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue.

Further information on yield and length of amplified DNA can be found in the WGA Tutorial on our Whole Genome Amplification Resource Page.

FAQ ID -690
How can I determine the quality of my REPLI-g amplified products?
After the REPLI-g reactions are completed, 1 ug of the WGA reaction product can be analyzed by electrophoresis through a 1.0% agarose gel in TBE buffer (90 mM Tris-borate, pH 8.0, 2 mM EDTA), stained with GelStar, ethidium bromide, or SYBR Green, and imaged with a UV-box or a Phosphor-Imager. The majority of product should be above 10 Kb in length, and generate a trail of smear by electrophoresis down to about 2 Kb.
FAQ ID -695
Why do I get amplification in a negative control DNA tube using the REPLI-g Kit for WGA?

Phi29 DNA Polymerase has an extremely high processivity and will extend primer-dimers that may be present in the reaction, leading to unspecific amplification products. Furthermore, the REPLI-g reaction is highly sensitive to any traces of DNA. Even minute quantities of contaminating DNA from other sources are eventually amplified over the long duration of the reaction (6-16h). However, these non-specific products will not generate specific results in downstream genetic analysis.

FAQ ID -675
Can the REPLI-g FFPE Kit also be used for formalin-fixed, ethanol preserved samples?

Formalin-fixed, ethanol-preserved samples that are not embedded in paraffin can be processed with the REPLI-g FFPE Kit by leaving out step 4 and 5 of the REPLI-g FFPE protocol. A mix containing FFPE Lysis Solution* and 2 µl Proteinase K can be added to the tissue section at step 3, after the section has been removed from its preservative solution. Proceed with the protocol at step 7: Incubate for 60 min at 60°C and then for a further 10 min at 95°C.

*Typically, 100 µl FFPE Lysis Solution are used. However, a smaller volume can be used for trimmed tissue sections (see protocol step 3 in the REPLI-g FFPE Handbook for more information).

 

FAQ ID -1760
What is the principle of the REPLI-g FFPE Kit?

The novel REPLI-g FFPE technology allows whole genome amplification of fragmented DNA directly from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples.

The REPLI-g FFPE Kit contains reagents for two different reactions: a processing reaction preparing fragmented DNA from paraffin-embedded tissue for whole genome amplification (WGA) and an amplification reaction. Please refer to the REPLI-g FFPE Handbook for details of the procedure.

 

FAQ ID -1753
Can the REPLI-g FFPE procedure restore DNA derived from FFPE tissue samples in the original order?

No, the REPLI-g FFPE Kit cannot restore DNA derived from FFPE tissue samples in its original order. The sample fixation process results in fragmentation of the DNA, and the original order of fragments is lost.

In the REPLI-g FFPE procedure, fragments are eluted from the tissue section and are ligated randomly during the processing reaction of the protocol. However, this does not effect the detection of nucleic acid sequences, such as polymorhisms, in downstream applications.

 

FAQ ID -1754
Any data on the fidelity of the REPLI-g MDA technique?

Phi29 DNA polymerase is a high fidelity proofreading enzyme and assures a very low replication error rate. It has an error rate of 1 x 10-6 - 10-7 nucleotides both in its intrinsic enzymatic activity and during the amplification reaction.

In contrast, Taq DNA polymerase has an intrinsic error rate of approximately 2 x 10-5 nucleotides, with an accumulation of about one mutation per 900 bases after 20 PCR cycles.

FAQ ID -707
What is the stability of the REPLI-g MDA product?
We have been conducting an ongoing stability study for more than a year without observing breakdown of the amplified product. There is nothing in the amplification product that indicates that it would not be stable for a number of years.
FAQ ID -693
What is the enzyme used in the REPLI-g reaction?
The enzyme used in the REPLI-g reaction is Phi29 DNA Polymerase.
FAQ ID -704
Why might Affymetrix GeneChip Mapping assays interfere with the REPLI-g FFPE kit?

Affymetrix GeneChip Mapping assays require restriction sites for the digestion with enzymes. Due to the procedure of random DNA ligation when using the REPLI-g FFPE Kit, original restriction sites may be lost. Therefore, we do not recommend this kit in combination with the Affymetrix GeneChip procedure.

Affymetrix Targeted Genotyping assays on the other hand use a primer extension protocol and should be compatible with the REPLI-g FFPE procedure as they are not affected by the random ligation process.

 

FAQ ID -1755
Is 2 kb the minimal gDNA fragment size for REPLI-g Whole Genome Amplification?

Highly degraded samples tend not to be amplified evenly across the genome. In general, an average fragment size of 2 kb in a DNA sample is the lower limit, assuming no portions of the genome are degraded to the point where information will be missing. Often, when the largest fragment in a gDNA sample is 2 kb, other fragments are much smaller and some regions of the genome may have been lost due to degradation. At least a small portion of 10 kb fragments or larger need to be present in the gDNA sample for even amplification of the entire genome.

Further information on working with fragmented DNA can be found in the WGA Tutorial on our Whole Genome Amplification Resource Page.

 

Note: If you are interested in amplifying DNA from paraffin-embedded samples we recommend to use the REPLI-g FFPE Kit.

FAQ ID -682
What are the differences between MDA and DOP/PEP methods of Whole Genome Amplification?

DOP (Degenerate Oligonucleotide-primed PCR) and PEP (Primer Extension Preamplification) are PCR-based whole genome amplification (WGA) methods. REPLI-g amplification uses MDA (Multiple Displacement Amplification) which is not a PCR-based method. MDA is scalable with yields adjustable from ug to mg quantities, whereas DOP typically yields 2-3 ug of DNA per reaction. DOP also generates a shorter product which is not suitable for certain downstream applications (e.g. Southern blot and sub-cloning).

DOP and PEP products are different from REPLI-g MDA products for a number of reasons. First, after amplification is complete, PEP products have active thermostable polymerase that will degrade the amplification product over time, because the polymerase cannot be inactivated. Second, PEP reactions consist of PCR amplicons which have the potential to contaminate other reactions as 'runaway amplicons' (e.g., amplicons in the aerosol that may be co-amplified if they accidentally get into other reactions).

REPLI-g product has neither of these issues. The polymerase is heat-inactivated after the REPLI-g reaction is complete, so it cannot digest the amplified product. There are no issues with 'runaway amplicons', because the reaction is performed at constant temperature by a hyper-branching amplification mechanism, amplifying the genome randomly without generating specific amplicons.

FAQ ID -665